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This was very much a time of contrasts with London as the commercial centre of the industrial revolution creating more pollution from more people burning coal arriving by sea from Newcastle and more factories creating poisonous by-products. This was also Regency London with the King spending a fortune in an attempt to create London as one of the best cities in Europe. Obvious results are Regents Park and the road to it from the King's Palace, Regent Street. London also got its first by-pass road across its northern limits which are the roads now called Euston Road and City Road. Much of the land north of these roads were still green fields 200 years ago. Because of the huge increase of national and international trade into London at this time due to the industrial revolution and the trade developed by the expanding colonies plus USA, there were two obvious changes to London to note; The huge expansion of the Docks down stream from London and The Turnpike (toll roads) into London. The Docks Going down stream (east) from the "Tower" the closest development (1807) was Surrey Docks on the South Bank (Now a well laid out housing and industrial development). Further down stream across the neck of the Isle of Dogs, West India Dock was built in 1802. East India Docks built (1805) (Found across the river from the 2000 Millennium Dome. In all a huge 5 miles of river dockland development.
Main turnpike toll roads into London Many of these roads still followed the old Roman trunk roads built some 1700 years previously. The Romans had a habit of building roads from a point to another visible point in a straight line and hills were a convenient land mark and vantage point to enable the road to be built straight. Three hills used for this purpose in the London area were Highgate, Hampstead and Shooters hills. This was fine for getting the road straight but caused the poor horses a problem getting the heavily laden stage coaches up the steep inclines. (As noted in "The Tail of Two Cities" where the passengers had to get out and help push the coach up Shooters Hill) The road north via Hampstead Heath was in green fields after "Tottenham Court Gate". The road to Highgate was in green fields after "Islington Gate" and The Dover Road via Blackheath and "Shooters Hill" was in green fields after Southwark. In addition to this A1, A4, A3 and A10 routes were established but not named by these numbers. There were also main roads to Hythe, Rye, Newhaven (all ports) and Arundel at this time.
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